Sunday, March 14, 2010

Chapter 48 Summary

In chapter 48 we look at how to evaluate arguments in our readings and our own writing. While reading we should try to recognize any logical fallacies, most often referred to as hasty generalizations and false analogies. These analogies and generalizations are often dishonest arguments that are based on insufficient evidence. A stereotype is a type of hasty generalization about a group, for example, it’s like saying all pit bulls are viscous animals. Once someone forms their own opinion about something they are more likely to seek out what they already believe and throw out any other opinion on that topic. While drawing analogies we look at two different situations and analyze their similarities. While doing this we must trace causes and effects which is where most writers believe that in an event, the first event is the cause of the second. This fallacy is known as the post hoc fallacy. Then we have the either….or fallacy, where a writer only gives two choices for a conclusion when there are obviously more ways to a solution. Writers can also go wrong by making assumptions. They may claim something to be true without having any proof that their claim is true. When deducing a conclusion the writer is claiming that their conclusion is absolute. The writer will give us a general claim, followed by a specific claim, then a conclusion. The conclusion is true or false depending on the premises. We as readers also need to realize when we are being coaxed into an opinion when a writer uses the emotional or sympathy card to get us on board with their own opinions. This is where you can really see what kind of character the writer has. Look closely at how they writer deals with opposing views, and the views of others. Some will do anything to make their point of view correct.
I will use this chapter to analyze what I am reading in a different way. Just because an article is published in a well known magazine or newspaper does not mean that what is written is correct. You must learn to read between the lines. In my own writing I will give more descriptive and give more evidence on they claims that I believe are true. I will try not to be bias and listen to others opinions.

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